diff --git a/deploy.py b/deploy.py
index 7b3db97..ff57f1c 100644
--- a/deploy.py
+++ b/deploy.py
@@ -101,16 +101,43 @@ def run_command(cmd, cwd=None, timeout=120, capture=True):
         return False, "", str(e)
 
 
+def run_ssh_args(args, timeout=30, capture=True):
+    """执行 ssh/scp 命令（使用列表参数，避免 Windows cmd.exe 找不到 ssh）"""
+    try:
+        if capture:
+            result = subprocess.run(
+                args, shell=False, cwd=PROJECT_DIR,
+                capture_output=True, text=True, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace',
+                timeout=timeout
+            )
+            return result.returncode == 0, result.stdout.strip(), result.stderr.strip()
+        else:
+            result = subprocess.run(
+                args, shell=False, cwd=PROJECT_DIR, timeout=timeout
+            )
+            return result.returncode == 0, "", ""
+    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+        return False, "", f"命令执行超时 ({timeout}s): {' '.join(args)}"
+    except Exception as e:
+        return False, "", str(e)
+
+
 def ssh_command(cmd, timeout=30):
     """在远程服务器执行命令"""
-    full = f'ssh {SSH_OPTS} {USERNAME}@{SERVER_IP} "{cmd}"'
-    return run_command(full, timeout=timeout)
+    return run_ssh_args([
+        "ssh", "-o", "BatchMode=yes", "-o", "ConnectTimeout=10",
+        "-o", "StrictHostKeyChecking=no",
+        f"{USERNAME}@{SERVER_IP}", cmd
+    ], timeout=timeout)
 
 
 def scp_file(local, remote, timeout=120):
     """上传文件到远程服务器"""
-    full = f'scp {SSH_OPTS} "{local}" {USERNAME}@{SERVER_IP}:"{remote}"'
-    return run_command(full, timeout=timeout)
+    return run_ssh_args([
+        "scp", "-o", "BatchMode=yes", "-o", "ConnectTimeout=10",
+        "-o", "StrictHostKeyChecking=no",
+        local, f"{USERNAME}@{SERVER_IP}:{remote}"
+    ], timeout=timeout)
 
 
 def check_ssh():